जानकी पुल – A Bridge of World's Literature. जानकी पुल पर प्रकाशित लेखों में प्रकट विचार लेखक के होते हैं. उनसे मॉडरेटर का सहमत होना जरूरी नहीं है. हाँ, अपने लेखों में प्रकट विचारों के लिए मॉडरेटर खुद जिम्मेदार है
क्या सच में हिंदी की दुनिया बदल गयी है, बदल रही है. एक जमाने में अच्छी किताबों की चर्चा हुआ करती थी, आज उनको नजरअंदाज कर दिया जाता है. ऐसा ही एक अनुवाद जाने माने आलोचक, अनुवादक मदन सोनी द्वारा किया हुआ आया है- खाली नाम गुलाब का. अम्बर्तो इको के उपन्यास ‘द नेम ऑफ़ द रोज’ का हिंदी अनुवाद. अम्बर्तो इको के इस उपन्यास को एक जमाने में उत्तर आधुनिक उपन्यास के उदाहरण की तरह देखा जाता था. यह बताने के लिए कि किस तरह से उत्तर-आधुनिक रचनात्मकता में पैरोडी की शैली काम करती है. आर्थर कानन डायल की किताब ‘द हाउंड ऑफ़ बास्करविले’ की पैरोडी की तरह लिखा गया यह उपन्यास अपने आप में अपराध कथा की तरह है, लेकिन ज्ञान और उसके एकाधिकार को लेकर मध्यकालीन चर्चों में होने वाली राजनीति को यह उपन्यास बहुत रोचक शैली में सामने लाता है.
मदन सोनी ने इसका अनुवाद किया है. करीब 16-17 साल पहले इस किताब की मदन जी ने एक समीक्षा लिखी थी और मुझे लगता है कि तभी से इस पुस्तक का अनुवाद करने का ख़याल उनके मन में रहा होगा. बरसों की साधना से कोई अनुवाद नहीं करता. अनुवाद हिंदी में प्रोजेक्ट की तरह नहीं किये जाते हैं, प्रकाशक किताब चुनता है और निश्चित समय अवधि में अनुवादक अनुवाद पूरा कर देता है. लेकिन यह एक ऐसा अनुवाद है जिसको लेखक ने चुना और अनुवाद पूरा किया, बरसों इसके प्रकाशन का इन्तजार किया. आम तौर पर किताबों के राइट प्रकाशक लेता है, फिर अनुवाद की पुस्तक प्रकाशित हो पाती है.
इस तरह के अनुवाद के लिए अनुवादक को सलाम ही किया जा सकता है. असल में इस किताब की एक बड़ी मुश्किल है कि इसमें मध्यकालीन यूरोपीय सन्दर्भ आये हैं, चर्चों के, मध्यकालीन यूरोपीय राजनीति के, जिसके कारण यह किताब अंग्रेजी में मुझे पढने में दुरूह लगी थी. मैंने इसके ऊपर इसी नाम से बनी फिल्म देखी जिसमें सीन कॉनरी ने अभिनय किया है. लेकिन फिल्म की अपनी सीमा होती है, उसमें विस्तार में जाने का अवकाश नहीं होता है.
मैंने पहली बार एक ऐसा अनुवाद देखा है जिसमें अनुवादक ने पूरी कोशिश की है कि हिंदी में पाठकों को यह स्वतंत्र पुस्तक के रूप में समझ में आये. इसके लिए मदन सोनी ने पुस्तक के अंत में एक लम्बा परिशिष्ट दिया है, करेब 30 पन्नों का जिसमें उन्होंने पुस्तक में आये सभी सन्दर्भों को को अपनी तरफ से समझाने की कोशिश की है.
यह एक ऐतिहासिक सन्दर्भों वाली पुस्तक है और इसका अनुवाद भी ऐतिहासिक बन पडा है. मदन जी भाषा के अनेकरूप प्रयोगों से अच्छी तरह वाकिफ हैं इसलिए कहीं भी भाषा में झोल नहीं आ पाया है, न ही भाषा कहीं दुरूह बनी है. एक कठिन पुस्तक का इनता सुबोध, रोचक अनुवाद किस तरह संभव है ‘खाली नाम गुलाब का’ उसके मानक की तरह है. ‘इंटरप्रेटेशन ओवरइंटरप्रेटेशन’ के लेखक अम्बर्तो इको के इस उपन्यास की अनेक व्याख्याएँ होती रही हैं, एक व्याख्या अनुवाद ने भी की है. अनुवाद भी एक रचनात्मक विधा है उसका सबसे अच्छा उदाहरण यह पुस्तक है. शीर्षक में ही रचनात्मकता झलकती है- खाली नाम गुलाब का.
यह एक ऐसी पुस्तक है जिसे मैं हमेशा अपने पास रखना चाहूँगा. बहुत कम किताबें आपके मन में ऐसी खवाहिश जगाती हैं.
पुस्तक का प्रकाशन राजकमल प्रकाशन ने किया है. इतालवी भाषा में यह उपन्यास 1980 में प्रकाशित हुआ था अंग्रेजी के रास्ते हिंदी में आते आते किताब को 30 साल से ऊपर लग गए.
अंत में इतना ही कहना चाहता हूँ कि एक अनुवादक के रूप में इस किताब से काफी कुछ सीखने को मिला. प्रेरक अनुवाद के लिए मदन सोनी को साधुवाद!
हार्डबाउंड में यह किताब 800 रुपये की है.
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शायद औलिया मदन सोनी और 'जानकीपुल' के उनके मुत्तवल्ली बता पाएँ कि बरसों की दिमाग़तोड़ मशक्क़त के बावजूद उस्ताद-ए-तर्जुमा 'गुलाब का नाम' तो छोड़ दीजिए,ख़ाली लेखक का नाम 'उम्बेर्तो एको' सहीं क्यों नहीं लिख पाए ? क्या जाहिलों ने हिंदी में सैकड़ों बार सही छपे नाम को देखा-पढ़ा भी नहीं ?
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