जानकी पुल – A Bridge of World's Literature. जानकी पुल पर प्रकाशित लेखों में प्रकट विचार लेखक के होते हैं. उनसे मॉडरेटर का सहमत होना जरूरी नहीं है. हाँ, अपने लेखों में प्रकट विचारों के लिए मॉडरेटर खुद जिम्मेदार है
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| लक्ष्मण गायकवाड़ |
साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार से सम्मानित प्रसिद्ध दलित लेखक लक्ष्मण गायकवाड़ का नाम इस समय में प्रतिष्ठा से लिया जाता है। आईए जानते हैं दलित लेखक और दलित लेखन पर उनके विचार। प्रस्तुत है लक्ष्मण गायकवाड़ से युवा कवि त्रिपुरारि कुमार शर्मा की बातचीत का एक हिस्सा : जानकीपुल
आपको नहीं लगता कि ‘दलित विमर्श आंदोलन नहीं, प्रतिक्रिया मात्र’ है?
मैं आपके सवाल से सहमत हूँ। दलित विमर्श कोई आंदोलन नहीं है, यह प्रतिक्रिया ही है। यह प्रतिक्रिया है उन सवर्णों के विरुद्ध, जिन्हें दलितों का दुख-दर्द दिखाई नहीं देता। इतिहास साक्षी है कि पहले की शिक्षा सवर्णों के लिए ही थी। दलितों के लिए पुस्तक और मंदिर वगैरह निषिद्ध थे। ‘दलित लेखन’ के मूल में इसी निषिद्धता के विरुद्ध उठता हुआ स्वर है। आज भी समाज में दलितों को अलग दृष्टि से देखा जाता है। पहले तो यह बता दूँ कि दलित लेखन से तात्पर्य उन लोगों के लेखन से है, जिनका सम्बंध दलित वर्ग से है। दूसरा, दलित लेखन की शुरुआत जिस परिस्थिति में हुई, उसे भी समझना आवश्यक होगा। दलितों की सामाजिक स्थिति के कारण दलित वर्गों से सम्बंध रखने वाले लेखकों को भी हाशिए पर देखा जाता है। हालांकि अब स्थिति में इतना सुधार अवश्य हुआ है कि दलितों के बीच उनकी पहचान और समाज में ‘दलित लेखक’ के रूप में उनकी पहचान बनी है। इस पहचान से लेखकों को अधिक खुश नहीं होना चाहिए। क्योंकि असली खुशी तो तब होती है, जब आपको सिर्फ एक लेखक के रूप में जाना जाता है। दरअसल, लेखन को किसी विशेष वर्ग के साथ जोड़कर देखा जाना ही गलत है। इसीलिए दलित विमर्श भी बहुत दिनों तक चलने वाला नहीं है।
क्या आप मानते हैं कि ‘दलित विमर्श’ निकट भविष्य में समाप्त हो जाएगा?
हाँ, इसे समाप्त होना ही पड़ेगा। क्योंकि लोग समझदार हो रहे हैं। लोग जितने शिक्षित होते जा रहे हैं, उनके बीच वर्गों का भेद मिटता जा रहा है। आज समाज इस तरह के उदाहरणों से भरा हुआ है कि लोग जाति और धर्म से ऊपर उठकर अपने जीवन का निर्णय कर रहे हैं। खासकर जो युवा लेखक हैं, उनमें यह भावना नहीं है कि हम किस वर्ग में पैदा हुए हैं? उनका सरोकार सिर्फ इस बात से है कि हमारा लेखन समाज के लिए कितना उपयोगी है। युवा लेखकों के लिए लेखन प्राथमिक है और बाकी बातें गौण हैं। इसके बावजूद समाज में जाति और भाषा के नाम पर प्रदुषण फैलाने वाले अनैतिक तत्व मौजूद हैं, यह भी एक सच है। लेखन के बीच एक और बात जो आड़े आती है, वह है भाषा। हम जिस क्षेत्र या लोगों की भाषा को नहीं समझ पाते हैं, उनकी तकलीफों को लिखना हमारे लिए सम्भव नहीं होता है।
आपके अनुसार, सम्प्रेषण के लिए कौन-सी भाषा होनी चाहिए?
मैं किसी भाषा विशेष के पक्ष में नहीं हूँ। चुँकि मैं महाराष्ट्र से हूँ और मराठी बोलता हूँ, मराठी में लिखता हूँ, तो इसका मतलब यह नहीं कि मैं मराठी का पक्षधर हो जाऊँ। इस विषय पर बात करते हुए कई लोग मुझे गलत समझ लेते हैं। मैं साफ तौर पर कहता हूँ कि पूरे भारत में एक ऐसी भाषा होनी चाहिए जो सम्प्रेषण के लिए उपयोग में लाई जाए। यह भाषा कोई भी हो सकती है। हिंदी,अंग्रेजी, मराठी, गुजराती, बांगला कोई भी। मुझे किसी भी भाषा से ऐतराज़ नहीं है। हाँ, मगर पूरे भारत में अगर एक ऐसी भाषा हो, जो सभी को आती हो तो इससे बड़ा फायदा होगा। हम एक दूसरे की तकलीफों और खुशियों में गहराई से शरीक हो सकेंगे। हम एक दूसरे के और भी क़रीब आ सकेंगे। कई बार ऐसा देखा गया है कि मुजरिम को जब हथकडी लगती है तो पता चलता है कि उसे सज़ा दी गई है। क्योंकि कोर्ट में कार्यवाही के दौरान जिस भाषा का प्रयोग किया जाता है, उस भाषा से वह अंजान होता है। इसमें बहुत कठिनाई भी नहीं है। आवश्यकता है हमें अपने छोटे-छोटे स्वार्थों को भूलकर समाज, देश और मानव के हित में सोचने की। साहित्य का अलग-अलग भाषाओं में लिखा जाना अच्छा है, मगर इन सबों के बीच किसी एक भाषा (जो पुल का काम करे) का होना भी आवश्यक है।
भाषा को किसी धर्म या समुदाय से जोड़कर देखना कहाँ तक उचित है?
दरअसल, भाषाओं का कोई धर्म नहीं होता और धर्म की कोई भाषा नहीं होती। इसीलिए भाषा को किसी धर्म या समुदाय से जोड़ना गलत है। किसी भाषा को धर्म या समुदाय विशेष से जोड़कर देखना ‘वोट बैंक की राजनीति’ के सिवा कुछ भी नहीं है। नेता लोग ही समय-समय पर भाषा की बात छेड़ते रहते हैं। कुछ साल पहले महाराष्ट्र में भी भाषा के नाम पर विद्रुपता फैलाने की कोशिश की गई थी। यह सब नेताओं और तथा-कथित धार्मिक लोगों की साजिश है। यह बात समाज के आम लोगों को समझनी होगी। एक लेखक होने के नाते हमारी भी यह जिम्मेदारी होनी चाहिए कि हम पाठकों और आम लोगों को भाषा और धर्म के नाम पर हो रहे धंधों से परिचय करवाएँ। असली चेहरा सामने लाएँ ताकि लोग जागरूक हो सकें।
क्या आपको ‘दलित लेखक’कहलाना पसंद है?
जब किसी लेखक को दलित लेखक कहा जाता है तो उसका मतलब होता है – ऐसा लेखक जिसका जन्म ऐसे परिवार में हुआ है, जिसे दलित कहा जाता है और समाज के अन्य लोग उसे अपनी तरह नहीं समझते। समाज में उनकी कोई पहचान नहीं होती। आम तौर पर दलितों के दुख-दर्द को लेखन के माध्यम से प्रस्तुत करने वाला व्यक्ति ही दलित लेखक कहा जाता है। एक अर्थों में यह ठीक है लेकिन जहाँ तक लेखन का सवाल है तो दलित लेखक भी समाज के अन्य वर्गों के दुख को समझते हैं और उसे अपने लेखन में उतारने का प्रयास करते हैं। जहाँ तक मेरा सवाल है तो मुझे ‘दलित लेखक’ की बजाय ‘लेखक’ कहलाने में अधिक संतुष्टि मिलती है। यह बात तो बाद में आती है कि मैं किस भाषा में लिखता हूँ और किस वर्ग से सम्बंध रखता हूँ।
Laxaman ji ka yah kahna ki vah dalit lekhak kahalane ke vajay "Lekhak " kalanane me santusti pate he . vastva me Lekhak ko keval or keval Lekhak hi hona chahiye Sri Laxaman ji ke vichar svagat yogya he sarahniy he me unhe hradya se naman karta hoo .
बढ़िया बातचीत रही ! लक्ष्मण जी के विचारों से सहमत होने के कारण उन्हें सुनना अच्छा लगा !आभार प्रभात जी !
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