जानकी पुल – A Bridge of World's Literature. जानकी पुल पर प्रकाशित लेखों में प्रकट विचार लेखक के होते हैं. उनसे मॉडरेटर का सहमत होना जरूरी नहीं है. हाँ, अपने लेखों में प्रकट विचारों के लिए मॉडरेटर खुद जिम्मेदार है
इधर हिन्दी में सेल्फ हेल्प की किताबों का प्रकाशन खूब बढ़ा है। जैसे यह किताब जिसका नाम है ‘कहाँ लगायें पैसा?’। लेखक हैं सीए अभिजीत कोलपकर। हम पेंगुइन स्वदेश से प्रकाशित इस किताब का एक अंश लगा रहे हैं। पढ़कर बताइएगा-
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आर्थिक रूप से साक्षर कैसे बनें?
- अपने घरवालों से सही उम्र में ज़रूरी वित्तीय जानकारियाँ लेना
- जानकार मित्रों से, रिश्तेदारों से चर्चा करना
- विशेषज्ञों द्वारा लिखी अच्छी आर्थिक किताबें पढ़ना
- यू ट्यूब पर उपलब्ध, आर्थिक विषयों से सम्बन्धित अच्छे वीडियो देखना
- इन्फॉर्मेटिव वेबसाइट्स पर जानकारियाँ खोजना
- सम्बन्धित व्याख्यान, कार्यशालाओं के माध्यम से
- अपनी ग़लतियों से सीखना
- अच्छे वित्तीय प्रबंधकों से ज्ञान पाकर आप आर्थिक रूप से साक्षर व्यक्ति बन सकते हैं।
असफलता, सफलता की पहली सीढ़ी मानी जाती है, लेकिन साथ ही, यह भी कहा जाता है कि इन सीढ़ियों की संख्या बढ़ाते मत रहिए।
- आर्थिक साक्षरता का अभाव होने के कारण होने वाली आर्थिक ग़लतियाँ महंगी तो पड़ती हैं, पर साथ-साथ वे वित्तीय फैसलों के प्रति आपका आत्मविश्वास भी कम कर देती हैं।
- अपने आर्थिक निर्णय ग़लत होने पर एक तो आप उन्हें टालना शुरू कर देते हैं या दूसरों पर निर्भर रहने लगते हैं।
- आपको यह पता होगा कि पैसे सोच-समझकर ख़र्च करने चाहिए, बचत करनी चाहिए, सुरक्षित निवेश करना चाहिए, पर्याप्त बीमा होना चाहिए, ज़रूरत से ज़्यादा कर्ज़ नहीं लेना चाहिए आदि। लेकिन फिर भी समझने और उस पर अमल करने में बहुत अन्तर है।
- हम अपनी आदतें जल्दी नहीं बदल सकते। और तो और, अपनी बुरी आदतों को छोड़ने के लिए हम ज़्यादा मेहनत नहीं करते। अगर आपके आस-पास ऐसे लोग हों, जो आर्थिक दृष्टि से अनुशासित न हों, तब तो क्या ही कहने! तब आपका आर्थिक पतन तेज़ी से शुरू हो जाता है।
- बहुत से लोग अपने अभिभावकों को ज़िम्मेदार ठहराते हैं। वे कहते हैं, बचपन से मुझे सही परिवेश नहीं मिला, मेरे अभिभावक गरीब थे, इसलिए मुझे आर्थिक विषयों का ज्ञान नहीं मिला। हालाँकि यह कुछ हद तक सही भी होता है।
- बहुत से लोगअपनी आर्थिक दुर्दशा का ज़िम्मेदार इस बात को ठहराते हैं कि उनकी कमाई बहुत कम है।
आर्थिक साक्षरता और शिक्षा में किस प्रकार सम्बन्ध है, हम अब यह जानेंगे।
आर्थिक साक्षरता और स्कूली शिक्षा
- आर्थिक साक्षरता के प्रति स्कूल और माता-पिता दोनों में अरुचि देखी जाती है। शिक्षा प्रणाली सोचती है कि माता-पिता ख़ुद अपने बच्चों को आर्थिक मामले पढ़ाएँ, जबकि माता-पिता सोचते हैं कि आर्थिक शिक्षा प्रदान करना स्कूल का काम है।
- लेकिन इसमें नुकसान छात्रों का ही होता है, क्योंकि ये छात्र भविष्य के नागरिक हैं, बड़े होने पर वे अक्षम्य आर्थिक ग़लतियाँ करते हैं। अन्ततः इसका नतीजा देश को भुगतना पड़ता है।
- माता-पिता कभी नहीं चाहते कि उनके बच्चे का भविष्य ख़राब हो। बच्चों की सबसे ज़्यादा परवाह माता-पिता ही करते हैं। इस चिंता के परिणामस्वरूप, वे अक्सर अपने बच्चों को अपनी ग़लत धारणाओं को ज्ञान के रूप में बड़े आत्मविश्वास से देते हैं।
- कई बार अभिभावक भी आर्थिक योजनाओं की जानकारी ग़लत स्रोतों से लेते हैं। यदि चर्चेबाज़ी और गपशप आर्थिक शिक्षा का स्रोत हैं, तो आप उस ज्ञान से क्या उम्मीद करेंगे?
- इसका मतलब यह नहीं है कि माता-पिता की बात नहीं सुनी जानी चाहिए, लेकिन यह स्वीकार करें कि उनका आर्थिक ज्ञान अपूर्ण भी हो सकता है। आपको अन्य नई जानकारी के लिए सकारात्मक रहने की आवश्यकता है।
- पहले यह जान लें कि आपके माता-पिता में, आपको ज्ञान देने के लिए पर्याप्त समय, क्षमता और इच्छाशक्ति है या नहीं। उनकी मंशा शुद्ध हो, लेकिन अगर वह ज्ञान अपर्याप्त या ग़लत है, तो आपको ग़लत जानकारी मिल सकती है।
- आप अपने माता-पिता और शिक्षा प्रणाली दोनों में परिवर्तन नहीं ला सकते, लेकिन ख़ुद अध्ययन करके आप अपने ज्ञान को निश्चित ही बढ़ा सकते हैं।
उम्र के हिसाब से बच्चों को निम्नलिखित आर्थिक विषय सिखाए जा सकते हैं–
- आयु 3 से 5 वर्ष :
* पैसे की पहचान–रुपये, पैसे की पहचान, सिक्के, नोट, कार्ड की प्राथमिक जानकारी
* पिग्गी बैंक देना
* वस्तुओं के आदान-प्रदान और धन की आवश्यकता
- आयु 6 से 10 वर्ष :
* आस-पास की दकुानों में वस्तुओं की कीमतों की तुलना
* बैंक खाता क्या होता है?
* स्कूल फीस की जानकारी
* डेबिट कार्ड और क्रेडिट कार्ड की जानकारी और इसके फायदे-नुकसान
* बच्चों के लिए एक अलग बैंक खाता खोलें
- आयु 11 से 13 वर्ष :
* बचत का महत्त्व–बँदू-बँदू से घड़ा भरता है
* ख़र्च करने से पहले सोचें। पैसे बचाने का अर्थ है–पैसा कमाना
* बैंक का कामकाज
- आयु 14 से 18 वर्ष :
* निवेश क्या है? निवेश का महत्त्व
* ख़ुद की गई बचत से निवेश को प्रोत्साहन
* चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज का महत्त्व
- आयु 18+ वर्ष
* बच्चों को डेबिट कार्ड का प्रयोग करने दें
* नेटबैंकिंग, मोबाइल बैंकिंग, जोख़िम और सुरक्षा
* आर्थिक योजना का महत्त्व
पुस्तक अंश : कहाँ लगाएँ पैसा?; जानें कि पाई-पाई का कैसे रखें हिसाब
लेखक : अभिजीत कोलपकर
विधा – नॉन-फ़िक्शन
प्रकाशक : पेंगुइन स्वदेश
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